Wall.



No. 629,477. Patented July 25, I899.

. G. F. STUWELL &. A. C. CUNNINGHAM.

WALL.

led Mar. -25. 1897.)

4-Sheets-Sheet I.

(Application 51 (No Model.)

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Ne. 629,477. Patented July 25, I899. C. F. STUWELL & A. C. CUNNINGHAM.

WALL.

(Application filed Mar. 25, 1891) 4 Sl1eets$heet 2.

In VE nTurs WiTnesses:

ChifwflQ 6 Sam n. LH am Wm fim, t HE. mm 5 w B m. 625477. Patented July25, I899. C. F. STUWELL &. A. C. CUNNINGHAM.

WALL.

(Application filed Mar. 25, 1897.

No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

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UNITED STATES CHARLES F. STOWELL AND PATENT OFFICE.

ANDREW o. CUNNINGHAM, or ALBANY, NEW YORK.

WALL.

srncrmca'rxon forming part of Letters Patent No. 629,477; dated m 25.1899.

' Application filedMare-h 25,1897. Serial mi'szazvz. (NomodeL) To allwhom it may'concerh:

Be it known that we, CHARLES F. STOWELL and ANDREW O. CUNNINGHAM,residents of Albany, in the county of Albany and State of New York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Walls; and we do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itpertains to make'and. usethe same.

j The invention relates to walls for sustaining' the pressure of earth,water, ..or other solids or liquids or of superimposed loads, or both,su chas retaining-walls, dams, reservoi rwalls, piers, abutments, dikes,levees, bulkheads, tanks, revetments, and the like.

It has for its object to increase theistability and durability of suchwalls; and the invention consists in the construction hereinafterdescribed and particularly pointed out.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is an isometric view, partly insection. Fig; 2 is a section on line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is anisometric view, partlyin section, of a-modification. Fig. 4 is anisometric view, partly in section, of a modification of a differentkind.

The improved wall is constructed of plates of iron, steel, or'othersuitable metal stiffened at the top, bottom, sides, and suchintermediate points as may be necessary by angleiron or'other suitablestilfeners and braced at suitable intervals .by knee-bracesattached tothe wall or face-plates, the whole being covered on one or both sides bya layer of coment, mortar, or concrete and restihg on a concretefoundation, to which it is fastened by bolts or other suitable means atproper intervals. The weight of the mass of material super-incumbentabove the foundation keeps the latter in place and prevents overturning,while the foundation itself is stiffened and strengthen ed by embeddingin it iron or steel inthe form of beams, channels, or other suitableforms in order to prevent the foundation from breaking between theknee-braces.

In the drawings, a r presents the metal face-plate, stifiened 'witangle-iron or like means along the edges, as shown at b and c. Aknee-brace d is shown, riveted orotherwise Secured tothe face-plate; asindicated at e.

stiffeners are embedded in the same.

The knee-brace and face-plate may be bolted to foundation I-beams andchannel-beams of metal, as indicated at f and g in the drawings. Theimprovement is, however, not limited to the particular form of thesefoundation-beams shown in the drawings nor to beam-'stifie'ners. Theface-plate is backed by a suitable concrete or cement covering, and thebraces and foundation-beams or other Concrete is denoted by h and earthor other superposed material by k. The front face of the plate can alsobe covered with concrete, as indicated in Fig. 3,'or the front face onlyof the plate can be so covered, leaving the rear face and bracesexposed,-as indicated in Fig.

4. Fig. 4 further illustrates a different form of knee-brace from thatindicated in the other figures, the'form and construction of thekneebraces not being essential. Fig. 4 also shows face-platesconstructed of buckle-plates instead of flat plates, such constructionbeing advantageous to certain cases, and itillustrates a modification ofthe method of stiffening and strengthening the foundations by the use ofexpanded'metal instead of I-beams, as

shown in the other figures. A portion of the concrete foundation in Fig.4 is represented as being removed to show the plate of expanded metalembedded in the concrete.

It should be understood that by'the term concrete we wish to include anyequivalent, such as cement. Instead of or in combination with bolts anysuitable means may be employed for fastening the parts together. Insteadof foundation-bars such as illustrated angles, flat or round bars,plates, pipe, woven wire, wire cloth, perforated or expanded metal, or.other forms may be used, either fiat or arched, or two or more of theseforms of stiffeners. maybe combined. It-is not essential that thestiffeners orstiffeners'andbraces .be entirely covered with cement inall cases,

particularly if some parts be accessible for painting, and it isoptional whether or not the accessible parts-of either the front or rearof the face-plate or of the braces be covered with concrete or the like.It is important that the faceplate and foundation be-firmly connected,so that the latter shall resist a pressure tending to overturn thestructure and resist: pressure due to"'aload, and that the "fofundatio'n be stiflr'enedto resist upheaval between the b17aces,' .a ndthat all inaccessible i parts be protected by a preservative covering. I

Y over brick or stone masonry'are less costs-11d,-

greater facility of erection for af val-l-offequal The ad vantagesofthis forn jof construction strength and imperi'neabi-litytoliquids, such1 ,8 wall being 'proof againstleaksgwhile should the a llbe puncturedbydesignor-otherwise :the hole isnottli abl'e Qto'enlargement by e'r'o-.

.fsio n anld can be easilyrepaired.-

The wall is absolutely saffeagainst the attacks vof water:

- rats o'r other burrowing animals, which often cause thedestru'ction ofearth; en 'bankmen ts.-

'-.It is'a'lso free from: liability to destruction in consequence oflocal defects, such as the dis integration of a stone or brick' orlocallv de' festive" workmanship; It {has great-er ability tosustainshocksoncollisions than a {brick =-'o'r stone wall'e't 'eqnalstrength and has less liabilityto failure in case of underminingof.

"the foundations 'thanfa brickfor. stone wall,- the. improved .wall:bein g 'selfisustaini'n g. overa much greater span;

In constructinggourzvtall--as specified we utilize the well-knownproperty of concrete or-ce r'nent mortar that it is-oneof the lbestknown'preservativesj of iironj-o'r steel against arenot exposed to vieware covered and pro.

tasting, and" all portions of thewall which tected by suchPIeser'vati-vesubstance; while only portions that are readily accessible for covering'with" paint or similardpr'eservative coating are-left exposed.'We'also-take ad-' vantageiof thefurther'factsthat the'adhesionbroken/by changes in temperature.

between irowor steel andgcon'crete or mortar ,is very'gre'atand thattheir ratios of 'expansion and "contraction by heat are 'substan tiallyalike, so that the. bondbetween them not,

We are aware that metal beams,-lath, andsuch 'likestrnctureshave beenembedded in cement and this niatteriis not ot'o'ur inven- 'tion. Ourimprovement relates-primarily, to

' astructures' exposedto the action of water;

floatingice, or other' objectsand to the at ,tackzof' aniina-lsiand .inwhich-an opening,

however smalL-wh'en' onceforined is 'liab'le to.

- entire-structure or a verymaterialpartlof it,

and it comprises continuous gplates, either integral or joinedinsection's, .thereby'pre seating a continuous defense of practicallyuniform character to blows or' attacksand also providingagainst the"enlargement b flowing water of an open ing'ifone is toruienotwithstandingthe -.continuous protecting v i-"plat'e,- It alsocomprises foundation-stiffen 6o I with the concrete covering-offthelplates, whereby floatihg,'undern1i ning, and sinking in'g devicesembedded in-concrete continuous are obviated. v 4

It',hasbeen proposed to make Walls and floors ofa continuous body ofsuitably Haiti}; v brick or stoneand' provide them with a surbespeedilyenlarged-to the'destru'ction '0: the]- fface concfrete', bx iclr; or fstone; saidwalls having embedded metal fies; andithas' also been pro oss-w make ,a jetty of a metal. shell filled with'concrete and joinedtowooden sills. weighted with stone. Our im rovement;

is characterized by amet-al wal1 exteriorly protected in; all'.ii naccessible pa'rtsiby con},

crete or" the like," said concrete V- bei'n'gcontin-uous-in the-uprightor approximately up- "right portion a'ndii'n the foundation, whereby,

as' above set for-thyme foundation-Joint is 'strengthenedand the-metaliSthjOlOllghlY p'ro 'tected against rust andwhereby theoo'ntinu'a-l."tion of the COUGPBte' in thefoundation serves, @asanfianchor'and also asag'uardagainst 1111-.

tier-mining. I Having thus descri dourinvenition, what we claim,and-desire to secureby'Letters Pat ;ent of th'eUnite'd. States, is'-ftion,.an d a continuous covering of {concrete or t'he' like for allinaccessible portionsof the plate and-foundation, both parts of thecontime being joined at. the foundation .to preven t undermining" oroverturning, and; to strengthen the oint, substantially asfde-g scribed.

1 In a wall forTsus't-aining pressure on a face thereof, a metal platecoextensive with; the exposedface of, thewal-l, a metal founda-.

-' Y 2. Ida wall for sustaining'press'nre, a distal V face-plate, acowering otgconcrete or the like,

and foun-dation-'-stiffening devicesenibedded in concrete, the-concretecovering the plates l and foundation .be'ing continuousfland said toostiffening devices and face' -plate fixed to gette substa i l y 3;.-I'n'a mm for sustaining'pressuieeanletai} 'face plate. a covering ofconcrete orthe like,;

and fon'n'dationrstitffeningdevices embedded -in the concrete, saidface-plates" and foundationrstiffeners being secured,together' -;bybraces and all inaccessible portions. of the metal being covered with *acontinuonsbody of concrete, subst-antially as described; 4. In .a wallfor sustaining pressure, metal face-plates, acover'ingof concrete orthelike,

and foundation stiiiening devicesjembedded inthe-concrete, and-bracesvalso embedded in concrete'and secul 'ed to the face-plate and to thestiffener-s; substantially, as described.

' 5. In a wallfor sustaining-pressure, jn'letalface'-plates, a coveringof concrete or thelike,"

and -oundation stiifening devices embedded .in. the concrete, saidfacei-platesand founda-'- tionest-ififeners' being secured together-- bybraces and the braces, stiffeners and-the back of the plates coveredwith a 'continuons'body'.

'of concrete, substantially as-described.

"' In testimony -whe'reot we ihave"signed-- th-ia' tion in the press-nceot-tivo'snbscrib-

